The Cape colony was ceded to the British in 1814. In 1912 the African National Congress was formed to fight for independence from its European oppressors. This little state was made a protectorate of the Transvaal in 1894 and a British protectorate in 1903. From the sixteenth century, the Portuguese traded along the coast for gold, ivory, and enslaved people. The UN declared apartheid to be a danger to world peace in 1961 and a crime against humanity in 1966.During the 1970s some 3 million people were forcibly resettled in ‘homelands’. With 266 out of the National Assembly’s 400 seats, the ANC was able to command a two-thirds majority (necessary for changes to the constitution) with the support of the Minority Front, which had one seat. The Boers trekked inland, defeating first the Ndebele and then other tribes, and establishing the Boer Republics of the Transvaal (South African Republic) and Orange Free State.Meanwhile, Britain was also expanding, taking Natal in 1843 and then following the Boers inland. During the 1960s, the implementation of apartheid and the repression of internal opposition continued despite growing world criticism of South Africa's racially discriminatory policies and police violence.
It… He was the first African to be awarded a Nobel Prize for Peace (1960), in recognition of his nonviolent struggle against racial discrimination. …fascist groups were founded in South Africa after 1932, including the Gentile National Socialist Movement and its splinter group, the South African Fascists; the South African National Democratic Party, known as the Blackshirts; and the pro-German Ox-Wagon Sentinel (Ossewabrandwag). Mugabe announced plans for a one-party state in 1985.) How Did Nelson Mandela Help South Africa Gain Independence ? The 1970s were a time of escalating wars of liberation in Mozambique,… South Africa agreed to a transition to Namibian sovereignty over Walvis Bay, which was effected in 1994. By the late 1960s the few remaining nonindependent African countries were all in settler-dominated Southern Africa. The Africans were themselves in upheaval in the 19th century. It achieved independence in 1968 after four years of limited self-government under King Sobhuza. In the Cape Colony it greatly increased pressures on the… The Zimbabwe African People's Union, ZAPU, was banned in 1962. It declined into a mere appendage of South Africa, for which it provided… Zambia achieved Independence from Britain in 1964 as part of the program to dilute the power of white racists in Southern Rhodesia. Intended as an act of appeasement, this aroused new united opposition, led by a new umbrella body, the United Democratic Front, with strong representation from the churches and trade unions as well as political parties. By the beginning of the 20th century the subcontinent was under European rule, and its disparate societies were increasingly meshed into a single political economy.
In 1910, the British solidified power and created the Union of South Africa. Under … The ANC, in collaboration with the Indian Congress, Coloured People’s Congress and Congress of Democrats (mainly white communists and anti-racists), launched the Freedom Charter and, in 1952, the Defiance Campaign in response.
In 1913, land acts severely limited the rights of blacks to own land or live in certain areas. Yet a basic rule of the Commonwealth was that of nonintervention in the domestic affairs of members. The DP replaced the NNP as the official opposition, and in June 2000 the DP and the NNP merged to become the Democratic Alliance. The German-mandated territory of South West Africa was given to South Africa in 1915 by the League of Nations. On May 31, 1961, the country became a republic, severing all formal ties with Great Britain.